工艺参数对TiO_2改性α-Al_2O_3微滤膜油水分离效率的影响

以硫酸钛和尿素为原料,采用均相沉淀法对α-Al_2O_3微滤膜进行二氧化钛改性,并考察了反应物浓度和涂覆次数对改性微滤膜油水分离效率的影响规律.研究结果表明:通过二氧化钛改性,微滤膜的渗透通量得到了有效地提高.特别是当硫酸钛物质的量浓度为0.2 mol·L~(-1),涂覆次数一次时,TiO_2改性微滤膜比未改性膜的渗透通量提高约25.23;,并且渗透液达到排放标准所需要的时间较未改性膜缩短了45 min.     

魔方状微纳结构BaTiO3的制备及其压电催化性能

在简单溶剂热条件下,通过控制钡、钛物质的量之比制备了魔方状微纳结构BaTiO₃粉体,并以5 mg·L^-1罗丹明B(RhB)溶液为降解对象测试其压电催化性能。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱对所制备粉体的物化性质进行详细表征,并测试其压电、光催化活性及循环稳定性。结果表明,钡、钛物质的量之比为1∶1时,合成的粉体为由立方体组装而成的魔方状四方相结构的BaTiO₃。在40 kHz、360 W的超声条件下,180 min内的降解率达90%,5次循环后的降解率为79.7%,变化率为11.4%,优于其光催化性能,具备优异的压电催化活性及循环稳定性。     

自蔓延燃烧法制备ZrO2纳米粉体

以氧氯化锆为原料,采用一种低温而且快速的溶胶凝胶自蔓延燃烧法制备了纳米ZrO2粉体颗粒,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)分析探讨了柠檬酸与金属离子的物质的量比和杂质离子NH;和Cl-的存在对ZrO2粉体颗粒的形成和粉末晶粒尺寸大小的影响.本次试验成功的制备了粒径为30～90 nm的近球形ZrO2纳米颗粒,试验结果表明,NH4+和Cl-两种离子的存在阻碍了ZrO2粉体长大形成更大的颗粒,柠檬酸与金属离子的物质的量比例越大,燃烧产生的瞬间高温越容易使ZrO2粉体颗粒长大.     

制备参数对钙钛氧化物薄膜的微结构和性能影响

利用钛酸丁酯-氯化钙-无水乙醇体系通过溶胶-浸渍提拉法制备了钙钛氧化物薄膜.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱分析仪(EDS),荧光光谱仪和紫外-可见分光光度计等技术对薄膜的结构,形貌及元素成分和光学性能进行了分析.结果表明:当n(钛酸丁酯)/n(乙醇)为1∶15时,制备得到了光学性质良好(价带较宽)的钙钛氧化物薄膜.随着焙烧温度升高到550℃,薄膜的结晶强度不断增加,薄膜主晶相由CaTiO3相转化为层状结构CaTi2O4(OH)2主晶相,该薄膜呈现多孔结构,从而使光学特性进一步增强.     

明清官窑霁蓝釉的组成和色度特征

明清时期官窑颜色釉瓷是我国古代名瓷的优秀代表,然而由于官窑霁蓝釉瓷生产、使用制度严格,样品极为珍稀,故研究内容较少。研究采用能量色散X荧光光谱分析和色差计,较系统地测试了17件明清官窑霁蓝釉瓷的化学组成和色度值,初步揭示了不同时期官窑霁蓝釉的组成、配方和色度特征。结果表明,明代霁蓝釉所用着色矿物锰含量高于清代,釉灰用量、明度值均低于清代,发色更为沉稳、凝重;明代瓷胎配方组成中所用瓷石含量高于清代。     

低温合成四方相BaTiO3及其压电催化性能

基于淀粉糊化机制低温合成了四方相BaTiO₃粉体。采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱、X射线光电子能谱对合成粉体的形貌、物相进行表征;在超声条件下,以系列典型染料为降解对象测试BaTiO₃压电催化性能。结果显示,煅烧温度为600℃时即可获得四方相BaTiO₃粉体,且随着温度的提升,结晶度逐渐增加;当煅烧温度为700℃时,合成的BaTiO₃粉体尺寸分布均匀,分散度良好,呈现类立方体状;在超声驱动下,BaTiO₃降解罗丹明B、刚果红、甲基橙染料时均展现出良好的效果,反应速率常数分别为1.090×10^-2、1.113×10^-2、1.084×10^-2 min^-1,并以降解刚果红为对象揭示其压电催化的机理,即空穴和超氧自由基是降解过程中的主要反应物质。     

铁离子掺杂对铜铬黑颜料呈色性能的影响

为改善CuCr₂O₄黑色颜料呈色性能,将Fe³⁺掺杂进入CuCr₂O₄晶体中,采用共沉淀法制备CuCr_2-xFe_xO₄(x=0,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07),并对所制备样品进行TG-DTA、XRD、SEM、Raman、XPS、UV-Vis吸收光谱和色度值的测试与表征。结果表明,Fe以三价态固溶进入Cr³⁺位置,未出现杂质相,得到的CuCr_2-xFe_xO₄晶粒细小、分散均匀。Fe³⁺掺杂可减小CuCr₂O₄的禁带宽度,从1.25 eV减小到1.08 eV,禁带宽度的减小是由于2p(O^2-)→3d(Fe³⁺)和Fe³⁺的d-d(⁶A_1g→⁴T_1g和 ⁶A_1g→⁴T_2g)电荷跃迁引起的。禁带宽度的减小使得黑色颜料对可见光(380~780 nm)的吸收率提高,L^*值减小,呈现出良好的黑度。得到的最佳黑色颜料为CuCr_1.95Fe_0.05O₄,L^*=17.63,a^*=-0.77,b^*=-1.61。     

共沉淀法合成ZnMoO4粉体及其抗菌性能

以Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O、(NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O为主要原料,采用共沉淀法合成ZnMoO₄粉体。利用XRD、SEM等测试方法对合成样品的物相组成、微观结构进行表征。以培养的大肠杆菌为消杀对象,研究了不同热处理温度下的样品对大肠杆菌的抗菌性能。结果表明,前驱体主要为非晶态,含少量ZnMoO₄、Zn₂Mo₃O₈、Zn(OH)₂和MoO₃;前驱体经400~600 ℃、保温30 min热处理,其产物转化为ZnMoO₄,且随着热处理温度的升高,合成的ZnMoO₄晶型逐渐完善,抗菌性能增加,当热处理温度为600 ℃时,可以获得结晶良好的ZnMoO₄,其晶粒呈颗粒状和片状,平均粒径约为1.5 μm。不同热处理温度合成的ZnMoO₄均具有一定的抗菌性能,其中经600 ℃热处理得到的ZnMoO₄具有最佳抗菌性能,经过24 h抗菌检测,其抗菌率达到99.2%,在商用涂料料浆中外加5%的ZnMoO₄粉体,所制备涂层对大肠杆菌的抗菌率达到95.7%,表明ZnMoO₄及其涂料具有良好的应用前景。     

An ultrathin wide-band planar metamaterial absorber based on a fractal frequency selective surface and resistive film

We propose an ultrathin wide-band metamaterial absorber （MA） based on a Minkowski （MIK） fractal frequency selective surface and resistive film. This absorber consists of a periodic arrangement of dielectric substrates sandwiched with an MIK fractal loop structure electric resonator and a resistive film. The finite element method is used to simulate and analyze the absorption of the MA. Compared with the MA-backed copper film, the designed MA-backed resistive film exhibits an absorption of 90% at a frequency region of 2 GHz-20 GHz. The power loss density distribution of the MA is further illustrated to explain the mechanism of the proposed MA. Simulated absorptions at different incidence cases indicate that this absorber is polarization-insensitive and wide-angled. Finally, further simulated results indicate that the surface resistance of the resistive film and the dielectric constant of the substrate can affect the absorbing property of the MA. This absorber may be used in many military fields.     

PVA-assisted synthesis and characterization of nano-crystalline La3+ and Mg2+ co-doped CeO2 electrolyte for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

A series of nano-crystalline ceria-based solid solution electrolyte, Ce_0.8La_0.2?x Mg_xO_2?δ (x?=?0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.2), were synthesized via the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) assisted combustion method, and then characterized to the crystalline structure, powder morphology, sintering micro-structure, and electrical properties. Present study showed that Ce_0.8La_0.2?x Mg _x O_2?δ was exceedingly stable as a cubic phase in all temperature range and exhibited fine crystals ranging from 15 to 20 nm. After sintering at 1,400 °C, the as-prepared pellets exhibited a dense micro-structure with 96 % of theoretical density. The electrical conductivity was studied using AC impedance spectroscopy and it was observed that the composition Ce_0.8La_0.1?Mg_0.1O_2?δ showed higher electrical conductivity of 0.020 S?cm^?1 at 700 °C. The thermal expansion was measured using dilatometer technique in the temperature range 30–1,000 °C. The average thermal expansion coefficient of Ce_0.8La_0.1?Mg_0.1O_2?δ was 12.37?×?10^?6 K^?1, which was higher than that of the commonly used SOFC electrolyte YSZ (~10.8?×?10^?6 K^?1).